Rugby Union

Discussion in 'Other Sports' started by M Two One, Jan 8, 2008.

  1. M Two One

    M Two One Halló Veröld!

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    <div align="center"><span style="font-size:14pt;line-height:100%">Rugby Union</span>
    <span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:100%">The basics of the game!</span></div>

    Rugby union (short for rugby union football and often referred to as simply rugby and rugger,[1] to a lesser extent football, or union in countries familiar with rugby union and rugby league), is an outdoor sport played by teams of 15 players with an oval ball. It is one of the two main codes of rugby football, the other being rugby league. There is also a quicker seven-a-side variation called rugby sevens, which exists in both codes.

    An adult-level rugby union match lasts for 80 minutes, consisting of two halves of 40 minutes each, and is controlled by a single referee, two touch judges, and in most professional matches, a television match official (TMO), commonly called the video referee. The object of the game is that each team of fifteen players score as many points as possible, with the team scoring the greater number of points being the winner of the match.

    Points may be scored by either scoring a try or a goal. A try is scored when the ball is grounded within the in-goal area and is worth 5 points. A goal is scored by kicking the ball between the uprights and above the crossbar of the goal posts. There are three ways to score a goal: (i) a dropped goal (scored in open play where the ball must hit the ground immediately before it is kicked); (ii) a penalty goal (awarded after the opposing side infringes against the laws of rugby and may be kicked from a stationary ground position or by drop kick); and (iii) a conversion (awarded after a try is scored) by either a drop kick or a place kick. A penalty or dropped goal is worth 3 points; a conversion is worth 2 points.

    The pitch must be no more than 100 meters in length, not including the in-goal area. The length of the in-goal area can vary but must be at least 10 meters and no more than 22 meters. The width of the pitch may also vary but must be no more than 70 meters wide. The goal posts are situated on the centre of the goal line with the upright posts placed 5.6 meters apart and the crossbar is placed 3 meters above the ground in an 'H' shape. The overall height of the goal posts must be over 3.4 meters.

    A typical passage of rugby takes the following form: the team in possession of the ball moves the ball up the field in an effort to ground the ball over the opponents' goal line in order to score a try until such time as the ball carrier is tackled. They then form a ruck in order to win the ball back. This process repeats until one team makes a mistake that violates the Laws of the game, moves off the field of play or a try or goal is scored.

    The team in possession may choose to advance by kicking the ball forward. The ball may be passed from one player to another as long as the ball does not travel forwards in the pass. Rugby union is one of the few ball games where the ball cannot be passed forwards. Any team mate nearer the opposition goal than the ball carrier is offside and out of the game, and must not interfere with play, meaning that American football-style blocking is forbidden.

    The team not in possession attempts to stop the ball carrier by tackling them, which consists of grabbing hold of them and bringing them to ground. A tackled player must pass or release the ball, allowing the opposition to contest possession of the loose ball. Play does not stop unless there is an infringement of the laws, or the ball / ball-carrier leaves the field of play.

    If the ball goes into touch (out of the field of play), the game restarts with a line-out. If the game stops due to an infringement, play restarts with either a scrum, free kick or penalty kick (depending on the severity of the infringement) awarded to the non-infringing team.

    The attacking team may score by kicking the ball between the posts and above the cross-bar. When attempting to kick for goal the ball may only be kicked from the ground: either from a place kick following the award of a penalty or from a drop kick in open play. A successful kick at goal is worth three points.

    The attacking team may also score by grounding the ball in the in-goal area. This is called a "try" and is worth five points. After scoring a try, the attacking team are awarded a free kick at goal, called a conversion, worth two points if successful, from a point directly in line with where the try was scored, and any distance away from the posts along that line.

    Tries are the main form of scoring, and the primary aim of most teams is to score tries. Drop goals and penalty kicks are usually augmenters, a safer option against a steadfast defense or to punish ill-disciplined opposition. On some (usually rare) occasions, a team may be awarded a penalty try, if their opponents commit a foul which is deemed by the referee to have illegally prevented a try, or if they have persistently stopped play close to the try line through foul play.


    <span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:100%">Players</span>

    A rugby union team consists of 15 players: eight forwards, numbered 1 to 8, and seven backs, numbered 9 to 15.[2] Depending upon the competition, there may be up to seven replacements (substitutes or reserves). Professional rugby contains seven reserves, with a player being allowed to be substituted only once, unless they are a front-row specialist player and are replacing an injured front-row player. Another exception to this rule is the "blood bin", where a player with a visible and bleeding injury must leave the field and then return to continue play after receiving treatment providing this is within 15 minutes of the player leaving the field (actual time, not game clock). A player sent to the blood bin may be replaced by another player during treatment. If the bloodied player returns to play within 15 minutes, it is not counted as a substitution.

    The main role of the forwards is to gain and retain possession of the ball. They take part in set pieces of the scrum and the line-out. Generally, forwards are larger than the backs, which generally makes them stronger but slower. Forwards also have a role in taking the ball forwards, but generally do so by driving into the opposing forwards. Increasingly back row forwards such as flankers and the number 8 are becoming athletic and fast, staying out of the breakdown to participate in running moves with the backs.

    The role of the backs is to move the game forward by running or kicking the ball. The scrum-half will gain possession of the ball from the forwards and usually feed it to the fly-half also known as the outside half (no.10) who then controls how the attacking team will proceed. The backline will tend to score its tries by focusing on the tactical placement of players, creating holes in the opposition defense line. A successful backline will cause the opposition defense to commit too many players at strategic points creating space to open up for the faster, outside backs (wingers and fullback).

    The following diagram locates the various positions in the 15-man team. All members of the starting 15 wear jerseys, numbered from 1 to 15, and keyed to their positions (though alternatives exist; see rugby union positions and rugby union numbering schemes for more information). The first eight players, known as forwards or the pack, play in the scrum. The remaining seven players are the backs.

    Read more here


    <span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:100%">Back Positions</span>

    15. Fullback

    The full back stands back to cover defensive options as a 'sweeper' behind the main line of defence removed from the other backs principally to field any opposition kicks. As the last line of defence, good tackling skills are desirable.

    They have to catch the high kicks referred to as "up and unders", "Garryowens" or "bombs". Having taken a catch, the full back may choose to return the kick, and so good tactical awareness and kicking skills are required. Increasingly often, full backs are used to start counter-attacking moves from depth. Thus, they need to have excellent attacking skills, pace and open field running prowess. In attack, the full back may also run into the back line at pace, providing an extra man, either a decoy runner or an extra man creating an overlap.

    Fullbacks in the International Rugby Hall of Fame include: Serge Blanco (France), Don Clarke (New Zealand), Gavin Hastings (Scotland and Lions), Andy Irvine (Scotland and Lions), Tom Kiernan (Ireland and Lions), George Nepia (New Zealand), and JPR Williams (Wales and Lions).


    14. and 11. Wing

    The wings act as "finishers" on movements by scoring tries. The idea is that space should be created by the forwards and backs inside the wingers so that once they receive the ball, they have a clear run for the try-line. Wings are almost always the quickest members of the team, but also need to be able to side step and otherwise avoid opponents in order to score tries. In modern games, wingers often "come off the wing" to provide extra men in the midfield, in the same vein as a full back, particularly if play has moved away from their wing. Traditionally, wingers are small and fast but since the game became professional (and largely due to Jonah Lomu), wingers are often as big as forwards. Wingers of this variety are often used as extra flankers to gain the "hard yards"[clarify].

    Wingers often act as additional full backs on opposition kicks. In addition to this responsibility, they must get back from an opposition kick to give the full back options on either side. The modern game means that the back three tend to act as a unit in fielding kicks and counterattacking, rather than all responsibility lying with the full back. Wingers need to have all the skills of a full back, though the emphasis would be on attack rather than defence. As such, many players are as competent on the wing as at full back.

    A common tactic is to have the winger receive the ball and then cut towards the centre of the pitch. This changes the direction of play, which may catch the opposition off guard, or may create space for the outside centre to receive a switch pass or "scissors pass".

    A modern use of the wing is as a link player. They retain all the traditional skills of a wing, but are able to combine these with skills more traditionally associated with half backs. As the play goes through multiple phases, the scrum-half or fly-half may be taken out of the play. If this occurs the blind side wing can step in to perform a creative role. Good examples of players filling this role include Austin Healey, Breyton Paulse, Shane Williams and more recently Sitiveni Sivivatu.

    Wings in the International Rugby Hall of Fame are: André Boniface (France), David Campese (Australia), Gerald Davies (Wales and Lions), Ieuan Evans (Wales and Lions), John Kirwan (New Zealand), Jonah Lomu (New Zealand), and Tony O'Reilly (Ireland and Lions).


    13. Outside centre & 12. Inside centre

    Centres need to have a strong all-round game: they need to be able to break through opposition lines and pass the ball accurately. When attack turns into defence they need to be strong in the tackle. Usually the two centres are divided into outside centre and inside centre, though sometimes teams play with left and right centres.

    The inside centre is typically more creative than the outside centre. In defence or attack, the inside centre is always in the thick of the action, drawing the opposition's defence, making the breaks to make the space for the outside centre and dishing out the tackles in defence along with the forwards. Some of the skills of the fly-half, such as distribution and kicking, can be advantageous to inside centres, as they may be expected to act as fly-halves if the normal fly-half is involved in a ruck or maul.

    The outside centre tends to be the bigger, more powerful of the two centres. They are the "rapiers" that are given the ball, normally via the fly half, or inside centre to make breaks through the opposition backs before offloading to the wingers after drawing the last line of defence. Good size and tackle breaking skills are very important for outside centres to have. They may also need to be very aggressive in defence, especially when a team is using a rush up style defence.

    Centres in the International Rugby Hall of Fame include: André Boniface (France), Danie Gerber (South Africa), Mike Gibson (Ireland and Lions), Tim Horan (Australia), Jo Maso (France), Gwyn Nicholls (Wales and Lions), Tony O'Reilly (Ireland and Lions), and Philippe Sella (France).


    10. Fly-half

    The fly-half position is a portmanteau of flying half back. This position is one of the most influential on the pitch. The fly-half makes key tactical decisions during a game — whether to kick for space or tactical advantage, move the ball to his outside backs, return the ball to his forwards to drive on to or run with the ball himself. An ideal fly-half should be a fast and deceptive runner, be able to make decisions quickly, direct the backline on defence and attack, have excellent kicking and handling skills and the ability to cope under pressure. Strong leadership skills are crucial for this position, as well as strong defensive skills.

    Games are rarely won on tries alone, and a fly-half who is also the goal kicker (which is often the case) can be the most important player in the side.

    Fly-halves in the International Rugby Hall of Fame include: Phil Bennett (Wales and Lions), Naas Botha (South Africa), Mark Ella (Australia), Grant Fox (New Zealand), Barry John (Wales and Lions), Jack Kyle (Ireland and Lions), Michael Lynagh (Australia), Cliff Morgan (Wales and Lions), Bennie Osler (South Africa), and Hugo Porta (Argentina).


    9. Scrum-half

    Scrum halves form the all-important link between the forwards and the backs, and are invariably at the centre of the action. A scrum half is normally relatively small but with a high degree of vision, the ability to react to situations very quickly, and good handling skills, as well as the ability to spin the ball with great ease off both hands.

    They are often the first tackler in defence and are behind every scrum, maul or ruck to get the ball out and maintain movement. They put the ball into the scrum and collect it afterwards; they also are allowed to stand further forward than other backs at a line-out to try to catch knock downs from the jumper.

    It is also not unusual to have talkative scrum-halves in competitive situations. Though technically illegal, most scrum-halves will subtly alert the referee to fouls and infringements committed by the opposing team.

    Scrum-halves in the International Rugby Hall of Fame include: Ken Catchpole (Australia), Danie Craven (South Africa), Gareth Edwards (Wales and Lions), Nick Farr-Jones (Australia) and Joost van der Westhuizen (South Africa). Craven and Edwards are also members of the IRB Hall of Fame.


    <span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:100%">Forward Positions</span>

    1. Loosehead prop & 3. Tighthead prop

    The role of both the loose- and tighthead props is to support the hooker in the scrum and to provide effective, dynamic support for the jumpers in the line-out. Along with the second row, the props provide the main power in the push forward in the scrum. For this reason they need to be exceptionally strong. Under modern rules non-specialists are not allowed to play as props (or hooker) as specialist skills are required to ensure the scrum does not collapse, a situation which can be very dangerous sometimes resulting in crushing or breaking of the neck and spine. If there are not enough props or hookers on either team (and no replacements are available), uncontested scrums will be set.

    A tighthead prop is so called because they pack down on the right-hand side of the scrum and so (because the players engage to the left of their opponents) their head fits between the opposing loosehead prop and hooker. In contrast, the loosehead prop packs down on the left-hand side where their head is outside that of the opposing tighthead prop. Although it may look to the neutral observer that the two positions are quite similar (and some players have the ability to play on both sides of the scrum), the technical challenges of each are quite different. Jason Leonard (England and Lions) was one of a rare breed who could prop on either side at the top level.

    The laws of the game require the tighthead prop to bind with his right arm outside the left upper arm of his opposing loosehead prop and similarly they restrict what the loosehead prop can do with his left arm. Although the scrum half may put the ball in on either side of the scrum, he is unlikely to choose the tighthead side because otherwise the opposing hooker would be between him or her and his or her own hooker. Hence, the laws implicitly require the loosehead prop to be on the left side of the scrum.

    Props are also in the position of being able to direct the movement of the scrum in moving side to side to prevent the other team's scrum from "wheeling" the set scrum and forcing another "put in" from the opposing side.

    Props in the International Rugby Hall of Fame include: Jason Leonard (England and Lions), Syd Millar (Ireland and Lions) and Wilson Whineray (New Zealand). Whineray is also a member of the IRB Hall of Fame.


    2. Hooker

    Hookers use their feet to 'hook' the ball in the scrum; because of the pressure put on the body by the scrum it is considered to be one of the most dangerous positions to play. They also normally throw the ball in at line-outs. Hookers have more in common with back row forwards than props or locks as they have a roving role at line-outs and do not push as much in the scrum as other front row forwards. In addition, hookers may act as an extra prop in the scrum, instead of contesting the feed, to wreak havoc on opposition feeds.

    Hookers in the International Rugby Hall of Fame include: Sean Fitzpatrick (New Zealand) and Keith Wood (Ireland and Lions).


    4. & 5. Lock

    Locks are almost always the tallest players on the team and so are the primary targets at line-outs. At line-outs, locks must jump aggressively to catch the ball and get it to the scrum half or at least get the first touch so that the ball comes down on their own side.

    The two locks stick their heads between the two props and the hooker in the scrums. They are also responsible for keeping the scrum square and the front row together and providing power to shift it forward. (This position is referred to as the "engine room".)

    Locks are very tall, athletic and have an excellent standing jump along with good strength. They also make good ball carriers, bashing holes in the defence around the ruck and maul. They also have to push the rucks and mauls and are the main figures of rucks and mauls.

    Locks in the International Rugby Hall of Fame include: Bill Beaumont (England and Lions), Gordon Brown (Scotland and Lions), Frik du Preez (South Africa), John Eales (Australia), Martin Johnson (England and Lions), Brian Lochore (New Zealand), Willie John McBride (Ireland and Lions), and Colin Meads (New Zealand). Eales is also a member of the IRB Hall of Fame.


    6. Blindside flanker & 7. Openside flanker

    Flanker is a fairly dynamic position with the fewest set responsibilities during the game. It is their responsibility to clear up messy balls to start a new phase of play, meaning they play a major role in maintaining/gaining possession after handling errors.

    In the scrum, flankers do less pushing than the tight five, but they have to break away quickly and attempt to tackle the opposing halfbacks if the opposition wins the scrum; and to cover their own half backs if they win the scrum. Due to their role in the scrum flankers should be fairly heavy whilst still having speed and power.

    Considering how dynamic this position is, flankers can adapt slightly to their own style of play; for example, they can become big figures in tackling and mauls, or use their speed to run with the backs for tactical manoeuvres.

    As always, the openside usually has a larger role in the game than the blindside.

    Flankers in the International Rugby Hall of Fame include: Dave Gallaher (New Zealand), Michael Jones (New Zealand), Ian Kirkpatrick (New Zealand), Graham Mourie (New Zealand), Francois Pienaar (South Africa), Jean Prat (France), Jean-Pierre Rives (France), Fergus Slattery (Ireland and Lions), and Wavell Wakefield (England).


    8. Number eight

    Number eight is the only position that does not have a specific name in English and is simply referred to as 'number eight'. The modern number eight has the physical strength of a tight forward along with the mobility of other loose forwards. The number eight packs down at the rear of the scrum, controlling the movement of the ball to the scrum-half with his feet. The number 8 is the position where the ball enters the backline from the scrum and, hence, both fly half and inside centre take their role from the number 8 who as the hindmost player in the scrum can elect to pick and run with the ball like a back. As a result, the number 8 has the opportunities as a back to run from set plays.

    They are normally tall and athletic and used as an option to win the ball from the back of the lineout. Like flankers they do less of the pushing than locks or props, but need to be quick to cover opposition half-backs. A number eight should be a key ball winner in broken play, and occasionally a 'battering ram' at the front of rucks.

    Some back-row players are versatile enough to play either of the flanker positions or at number 8

    Even more versatile players in this vein are Michael Owen (Wales and Lions) and Martin Corry (England and Lions), who normally play number 8, but also frequently play at both flanker positions, and have even successfully played at lock. David Wallace (Ireland and Lions) is one of the few players who has experience playing at number 8, both flankers, centre and even on the wing at club level for Munster.

    Number eights in the International Rugby Hall of Fame include: Mervyn Davies (Wales and Lions), Morne du Plessis (South Africa), Brian Lochore (New Zealand) and Hennie Muller (South Africa).
     
  2. BasX

    BasX I Win

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  3. BasX

    BasX I Win

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    i was a prop when i played in grade 10 and 11 and i always was number 3 [​IMG]
     
  4. AEM

    AEM Gesundheit

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    Great diagram, BasX! I was at 11 or 14 back in the day.
     
  5. BasX

    BasX I Win

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    <div class='quotetop'>QUOTE (AEM @ Jan 8 2008, 06:18 PM) <{POST_SNAPBACK}></div><div class='quotemain'>Great diagram, BasX! I was at 11 or 14 back in the day.</div>
    not gonna lie i got it off of Wikipedia, but i think its excellent as well [​IMG]
    and a winger eh, not bad, i've heard that can be a boring position at times
     
  6. AEM

    AEM Gesundheit

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    It had a little down time, but at one point I had to take down a monster running down the sideline - it was great. [​IMG] Plus, I got the chance to score a touch, which is always nice.

    Boy do I miss it...
     
  7. BasX

    BasX I Win

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    i got a try, ro touch not sure the exact term, we called it try but who knows ahah
    after i got the try, i was so woozy, i had to come out of the game
     
  8. AEM

    AEM Gesundheit

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    I hear that. I remember a game in upstate NY where my half of the field was ice over gravel - even without the hits I would've been a bit woozy just from the vibrations. [​IMG]
     
  9. BasX

    BasX I Win

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    ouch!, its good to have some rugby talk though
     
  10. BasX

    BasX I Win

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    thought this is extremely small, we called the number 8, 8-man, i know, very small but i thought id add that
     
  11. AEM

    AEM Gesundheit

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    Yeah, though it brings back memories, that can make you long for the good old days...
     
  12. Jonah

    Jonah Legend

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    You guys are talking about union. In league the numbering goes backwards

    Union: Fullback is #15 but in League Fullback is #1.

    League have no flankers (#6 & #7) so they have 13 players on the field at any certain time.
     
  13. downunderwonder

    downunderwonder You have now entered area 51!

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    I played both as a teen. Union on staurday, league on sunday. Played for my state from u/13-u/17s. If my back hadnt of twisted I would have seriously considered moving to sydney and tryed to go pro. I was an inside centre in both codes and a goalkicker. Actually the guy who played 5/8th in the state league team now plays for a team in the NRL... starting. Making good money and playing well.... bastard... [​IMG]
     
  14. Jonah

    Jonah Legend

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    Who is it?
     
  15. BasX

    BasX I Win

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    <div class='quotetop'>QUOTE (Jonah @ Jan 8 2008, 06:44 PM) <{POST_SNAPBACK}></div><div class='quotemain'>You guys are talking about union. In league the numbering goes backwards

    Union: Fullback is #15 but in League Fullback is #1.

    League have no flankers (#6 & #7) so they have 13 players on the field at any certain time.</div>
    i just brought up a chart from when i played, the numbering
     
  16. M Two One

    M Two One Halló Veröld!

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    Most regions each have a different name for positions in rugby union.
     
  17. downunderwonder

    downunderwonder You have now entered area 51!

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    <div class='quotetop'>QUOTE (Jonah @ Jan 8 2008, 07:29 PM) <{POST_SNAPBACK}></div><div class='quotemain'>Who is it?</div>

    A cat called daniel holdsworth. Starts at five eighth for Canterbury. Had an awesome season last year.
     
  18. M Two One

    M Two One Halló Veröld!

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    The new season for northern hemisphere leagues are starting soon. I'm going to report on Top 14 and Pro D2 in France sometime soon. Anyone that wants to take the Premiership, that'd be great. We could also use coverage on the Magners League.
     
  19. GMJ

    GMJ Suspended

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    There's also good Tri-Nations Rugby that's still going on. I just got my hands on an HD copy of the latest All Blacks - Aussie game. While it was too late to win the Bledisoe Cup, I was happy to see the AB's get a decisive win that put them out in front.
     
  20. M Two One

    M Two One Halló Veröld!

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    Yeah and I'm missing all the rugby going on right now since I still don't have my f'ing DirecTV connection.
     

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