A good deal of the AIG bailout money is being used to protect overseas loans made by the company.
Did we sign on for this as taxpayers?
Not loans so much as insurance contracts. AIG, like any insurance company, takes money from people today and has to pay it back tomorrow if certain conditions are met.
Unlike most other insurance companies, AIG branched out beyond the conditions being "a house burned down" to "my supposedly AAA rated loan isn't being re-paid".
Lehman failing was really devastating and in hindsight a mistake, but the current policies applied to AIG might end up being even worse.
I'd have rather seen some type of controlled bankruptcy with government assistance provided to the parties on the other end of AIG's contract instead of assisting the AIG entity itself.
Well, one must keep in mind that the AIG entity itself is now largely owned by the government. There's a pretty big an obvious upside to this, of course.
If you go the bankruptcy route, you can be pretty sure you're going to maximize your payouts. Confidence in all sorts of things collapses, as you note, and the government is left paying the counterparties on 80-100% of AIG's stuff, or abrogating the contracts.
If you buy up AIG and continue to run it, you have to pay out... I dunno... much less. Because, since AIG is still a going concern, and the various insurance holders haven't actually had to "file claims" con their contracts, their payouts are much lower.
Perhaps it will get much worse, but I'd take the fact that they're making noises about "giving back" some of the money as moderately good news. Out of the $800B authorized, they've paid out something like $136B, right? So instead of being on the hook for $800B, which I'd guess represents something close to the full extent of AIG's potential liability, they're only on the hook for a bit under 25% of it. And ultimately, they'll sell back those shares to the public and recoup a fair amount of that, since AIG, aside from the big horrifying CDS side of things, seemed quite profitable.
As far as the bonuses and political theater, I think that was pretty stupid.
Why is there "outrage, blah blah blah". Because Barack Obama got up on the bully pulpit and called it an outrage, despite knowing (I think... I hope he's not a fool) there where very little legally he could do about it. Not that he probably should in the first place, which only compounds the problem, by creating increased political pressure for rash and foolish action.
In short, he made himself look impotent and angry.
Which, you know, is not typically how Presidents (or anyone else) want to make themselves look.