My preference would be to institute a carbon tax (or pollution tax, really) and dividend. We have a board who audits manufacturing all over the world and institutes a tax on items which are not manufactured responsibly. For other countries this would probably be on a country wide level rather than at the item level. So items from China would get a 10% additional tax, for example. Or maybe 40%. Whatever it works out to.
The tax is then handed out to the people of the country the item is manufactured in via a progressive dividend.
The environmental board can handle audits and distributing of the funds. Raise the tax until it's no longer cost effective to manufacture those items irresponsibility.
The dividend would be progressive in nature, so anybody making under $250k would make more money on the dividend than the additional tax would cost them.
It would then be more profitable for manufacturers to make products in a sustainable way.
I would agree with you that we may not have the influence to pull this off for long.
Our politics over the last 30 years or so have been so isolationist that we may be losing the leverage to pull this off if we don't get shit in order soon.