Mattingly23NY
Turning Fastballs Into Souveneir's ~
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And for the grand finale, poo-bah:
For purposes of this article, I will assume that the basic
effect of steroids is to increase muscle mass by about 10%,
with other aspects of the player’s performance remaining
constant.
III. HOW MUCH CAN MORE MUSCLE ENHANCE
HOME RUN PRODUCTION?
The increase in muscle mass due to steroids must take
place primarily by increasing the cross-sectional area of the
muscle through the addition of new muscle fiber. It is well
established that the maximum force a muscle can exert is
proportional to its cross-sectional area—muscles from a wide
range of creatures from mollusks to mammals produce maxi-
mum stresses
200 kPa.
It is therefore reasonable to as-
sume that a 10% increase in an athlete’s muscle mass will
also increase the force exerted by those muscles by about
10%. The increases in maximum voluntary force found in the
weight-lifting study of Ref.
were even greater, possibly
because of steroid-induced behavioral effects that led to
more intense effort.
In view of those results, my assump-
tion that the increase in force is proportional to the increase
in muscle mass is conservative. If we assume that the length
and technique of a batter’s swing remain the same, it follows
that the work done by muscles on the bat, and therefore the
kinetic energy of the bat, can also be increased by about 10%
through the use of steroids. If the bat’s mass is constant, the
speed of the bat as it strikes the pitched ball will be roughly
5% higher than without the use of steroids.
Because we are
making rather rough estimates here, it will not make much
difference if the batter uses a slightly heavier or lighter bat.
Determining the effect of this increase in bat speed on the
speed of the batted ball requires a model of the bat-ball col-
lision. Nathan and others have given sophisticated
treatments,
but for balls hit near the bat’s “sweet spot”—
which is the case for most home runs—the results are well
approximated by a simple one-dimensional, partially elastic
collision, with the bat treated as a rigid body:
v= 1+(MCr −m) v bat + (MC R −m) v pitch
(M + m) ( M + m )
where M and m; are the masses of the bat and ball, respec-tively, v bat, and v pitch,
are their speeds just before the collision,
and C R is the coefficient of restitution. For the reasonablevalues
M = 0.96 kg,
m = 0.145 kg,
C R = 0.5,
v pitch =40 m/s, v bat =30 m/s
a 5% increase in bat speed leads to an increase of 4% in the speed of the ball as it leaves the bat. The ratio of ball-speed increase to bat-speed increase changes by 10% or less when the parameters are
varied within realistic ranges. The next ingredient in the analysis is a model for the tra-jectory of the baseball. In addition to gravity, the significant forces on the ball are air resistance drag, and the lift force
due to the ball’s spin, and neither is well understood for a rapidly spinning baseball. In particular, there is disagreement
about whether the drag coefficient drops precipitously with the onset of turbulence in a particular range of speeds. Adair is skeptical about the existence of such a “drag crisis” for baseballs,
but Sawicki, et al., drawing on empirical data
for pitched balls, conclude that there is a pronounced drag
crisis for speeds near 32 m/s (~72 mph). I have done calculations using models with and without a drag crisis
see Fig. 3- (noted in link: (http://baseball.physics.illinois.edu/Tobin_AJP_Jan08.pdf) see figure 3....
There are significant differences of detail. For example, the launch angle for maximum range is about 26° for the Sawicki model and about 34° for the Adair model. The Sawicki model also shows lower sensitivity of the home run
rate to the average initial ball speed, because once the ball leaves the bat the speed drops rather quickly into the range
If this equation doesn't strike home, I don't know what else I can do for ye'
Other than to say as I've said a dozen times, the time will come within MLB to recognize some means to not exclude Steroids, yet I doubt HGH, will ever be accepted, its still to risky.
however PED's as said prior, can simply be Amphetamines, Cocaine, Sudafed, Other nasal decongestants using Pseudoephedrine, hell who knows what else....I'm sure that shit at AM/PM counters: 5 hour energy drink should be inclued, how about excess sugar intake, or Monster, or Red Bull drinks too.
This is very interesting for those who did not know many of our HOF'ers admitted to using such PED's, like Aaron, Schmidt, et al....
In his autobiography I Had a Hammer, which was co-written with Lonnie Wheeler and published in 1992, outfielder Hank Aaron wrote that he accepted an amphetamine pill from an unnamed teammate and taken it before a game during the 1968 season, after becoming frustrated about his lack of offensive performance.[10] Aaron described it as "a stupid thing to do", observing that the pill made him feel like he "was having a heart attack".[10]
Former pitcher Tom House, drafted in 1967 and active in MLB from 1971-1978, has admitted to using "steroids they wouldn't give to horses" during his playing career. According to House, the use of performance-enhancing drugs was widespread at that time. He estimates that "six or seven" pitchers on every team were at least experimental users of steroids or human growth hormone, and says that after losses, players would frequently joke that they'd been "out-milligrammed" rather than beaten.
Third baseman Mike Schmidt, an active player from 1972-1989, admitted to Murray Chass in 2006 that he had used amphetamines "a couple [of] times". In his book Clearing the Bases, he said that amphetamines "were widely available in major-league clubhouses" during his playing career, and that "amphetamine use in baseball is both far more common and has been going on a lot longer than steroid abuse".
Relief pitcher Goose Gossage, active from 1972-1994, also admitted to using amphetamines during his playing career, in a 2013 interview with Ken Davidoff. In the same interview, Gossage voiced the opinion that amphetamines are not "a performance-enhancing drug", though he admitted that using them was illegal at the time.
During the Pittsburgh drug trials in 1985,several players testified about the use of amphetamines in baseball. Shortstop Dale Berra admitted that he had used "greenies" while playing for both the Pittsburgh Pirates and the AAA Portland Beavers, and stated that while in Pittsburgh between 1979 and 1984 he had been supplied with the drugs by teammates Bill Madlock and Willie Stargell. Outfielder John Milner testified that while he was playing for the New York Mets, he had seen in the locker of teammate Willie Mays a powerful liquid amphetamine he called the "red juice".
Is no one exempt from some sort of PED use, it appears not....!!!
For purposes of this article, I will assume that the basic
effect of steroids is to increase muscle mass by about 10%,
with other aspects of the player’s performance remaining
constant.
III. HOW MUCH CAN MORE MUSCLE ENHANCE
HOME RUN PRODUCTION?
The increase in muscle mass due to steroids must take
place primarily by increasing the cross-sectional area of the
muscle through the addition of new muscle fiber. It is well
established that the maximum force a muscle can exert is
proportional to its cross-sectional area—muscles from a wide
range of creatures from mollusks to mammals produce maxi-
mum stresses
200 kPa.
It is therefore reasonable to as-
sume that a 10% increase in an athlete’s muscle mass will
also increase the force exerted by those muscles by about
10%. The increases in maximum voluntary force found in the
weight-lifting study of Ref.
were even greater, possibly
because of steroid-induced behavioral effects that led to
more intense effort.
In view of those results, my assump-
tion that the increase in force is proportional to the increase
in muscle mass is conservative. If we assume that the length
and technique of a batter’s swing remain the same, it follows
that the work done by muscles on the bat, and therefore the
kinetic energy of the bat, can also be increased by about 10%
through the use of steroids. If the bat’s mass is constant, the
speed of the bat as it strikes the pitched ball will be roughly
5% higher than without the use of steroids.
Because we are
making rather rough estimates here, it will not make much
difference if the batter uses a slightly heavier or lighter bat.
Determining the effect of this increase in bat speed on the
speed of the batted ball requires a model of the bat-ball col-
lision. Nathan and others have given sophisticated
treatments,
but for balls hit near the bat’s “sweet spot”—
which is the case for most home runs—the results are well
approximated by a simple one-dimensional, partially elastic
collision, with the bat treated as a rigid body:
v= 1+(MCr −m) v bat + (MC R −m) v pitch
(M + m) ( M + m )
where M and m; are the masses of the bat and ball, respec-tively, v bat, and v pitch,
are their speeds just before the collision,
and C R is the coefficient of restitution. For the reasonablevalues
M = 0.96 kg,
m = 0.145 kg,
C R = 0.5,
v pitch =40 m/s, v bat =30 m/s
a 5% increase in bat speed leads to an increase of 4% in the speed of the ball as it leaves the bat. The ratio of ball-speed increase to bat-speed increase changes by 10% or less when the parameters are
varied within realistic ranges. The next ingredient in the analysis is a model for the tra-jectory of the baseball. In addition to gravity, the significant forces on the ball are air resistance drag, and the lift force
due to the ball’s spin, and neither is well understood for a rapidly spinning baseball. In particular, there is disagreement
about whether the drag coefficient drops precipitously with the onset of turbulence in a particular range of speeds. Adair is skeptical about the existence of such a “drag crisis” for baseballs,
but Sawicki, et al., drawing on empirical data
for pitched balls, conclude that there is a pronounced drag
crisis for speeds near 32 m/s (~72 mph). I have done calculations using models with and without a drag crisis
see Fig. 3- (noted in link: (http://baseball.physics.illinois.edu/Tobin_AJP_Jan08.pdf) see figure 3....
There are significant differences of detail. For example, the launch angle for maximum range is about 26° for the Sawicki model and about 34° for the Adair model. The Sawicki model also shows lower sensitivity of the home run
rate to the average initial ball speed, because once the ball leaves the bat the speed drops rather quickly into the range
If this equation doesn't strike home, I don't know what else I can do for ye'
Other than to say as I've said a dozen times, the time will come within MLB to recognize some means to not exclude Steroids, yet I doubt HGH, will ever be accepted, its still to risky.
however PED's as said prior, can simply be Amphetamines, Cocaine, Sudafed, Other nasal decongestants using Pseudoephedrine, hell who knows what else....I'm sure that shit at AM/PM counters: 5 hour energy drink should be inclued, how about excess sugar intake, or Monster, or Red Bull drinks too.
This is very interesting for those who did not know many of our HOF'ers admitted to using such PED's, like Aaron, Schmidt, et al....
In his autobiography I Had a Hammer, which was co-written with Lonnie Wheeler and published in 1992, outfielder Hank Aaron wrote that he accepted an amphetamine pill from an unnamed teammate and taken it before a game during the 1968 season, after becoming frustrated about his lack of offensive performance.[10] Aaron described it as "a stupid thing to do", observing that the pill made him feel like he "was having a heart attack".[10]
Former pitcher Tom House, drafted in 1967 and active in MLB from 1971-1978, has admitted to using "steroids they wouldn't give to horses" during his playing career. According to House, the use of performance-enhancing drugs was widespread at that time. He estimates that "six or seven" pitchers on every team were at least experimental users of steroids or human growth hormone, and says that after losses, players would frequently joke that they'd been "out-milligrammed" rather than beaten.
Third baseman Mike Schmidt, an active player from 1972-1989, admitted to Murray Chass in 2006 that he had used amphetamines "a couple [of] times". In his book Clearing the Bases, he said that amphetamines "were widely available in major-league clubhouses" during his playing career, and that "amphetamine use in baseball is both far more common and has been going on a lot longer than steroid abuse".
Relief pitcher Goose Gossage, active from 1972-1994, also admitted to using amphetamines during his playing career, in a 2013 interview with Ken Davidoff. In the same interview, Gossage voiced the opinion that amphetamines are not "a performance-enhancing drug", though he admitted that using them was illegal at the time.
During the Pittsburgh drug trials in 1985,several players testified about the use of amphetamines in baseball. Shortstop Dale Berra admitted that he had used "greenies" while playing for both the Pittsburgh Pirates and the AAA Portland Beavers, and stated that while in Pittsburgh between 1979 and 1984 he had been supplied with the drugs by teammates Bill Madlock and Willie Stargell. Outfielder John Milner testified that while he was playing for the New York Mets, he had seen in the locker of teammate Willie Mays a powerful liquid amphetamine he called the "red juice".
Is no one exempt from some sort of PED use, it appears not....!!!
