You left out "a well regulated militia". It was about a popular militia, not every nut having a personal armada.
Good point. That just describes the purpose for the right and the type of arms they intended the population have a right to.
"A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed."
"Militia" is unorganized infantry. At the time it was written "well regulated" meant to be high functioning and capable. Reliable.
Most militia in those days were very unreliable. To the point that regular military did not like to count on them.
The intent was that every American have the right to own transport and practice with arms equivalent to the infantry soldier of the time.
They didn't specifically list weapons because they knew that the weapons would change. They would evolve. They would improve with time.
This was very specifically written to ensure that the American population be armed and well practiced with equivalent weaponry of the typical infantry soldier of the same time. So that they could defend themselves and their country as capably and reliably as possible.
This is the intent of the founding fathers. We can change this. But it will require a constitutional amendment (most likely via constitutional convention). And the vast majority of states are opposed to these kinds of restrictions.
*Edit* However, The Constitution does allow us to restrict the rights of people who have broken the law. So I think you're correct. "Nuts" (people who have proven to be unsafe or dangerous) should be prevented from owning or even possessing firearms of any kind.
But I also believe that the ratio of restricted people should be low. Probably no more than 1% of the population in any region.
We can reduce the frequency and severity of violence in our country. I maintain the most effective way to do this is via access to education and minimizing the motivations to obtain such weaponry by increasing access (ideally universally) to services such as health care and a robust social safety net.