Well how about we not worry about what the exxons of the world make and just break down the simple tax. And also keep in mind that the price you pay at the pump isn't the price that the fuel companies actually make. Each station is independently owned. They would need significant "mark-up" to keep the doors open; so I would say the "lion's share" of the profits will go to the retail outlet.
http://www.api.org/Oil-and-Natural-Gas-Overview/Industry-Economics/Fuel-Taxes.aspx
This is another link that explains the actual cost of gasoline.
This link has a nice break down per state in terms of taxes, so review freely.
This PDF file says the average U.S. State and Government tax is roughly 48.8 cents per gallon.
Price of crude is 74% of the total price. Taxes are 11%. Refining is 10% and distribution and marketing is 5%.
In the link, it has a simple description of the actual "profit"
So in other words, the government (Average tax $0.48 per gallon) is making more per gallon than the big companies (Average $0.30 - $0.60) selling it.
And keep in mind that this simple illustration doesn't include marketing and profit sharing to the local business owners.