They could sue, just like the people who sued McDonalds for causing their obesity. However, those lawsuits have been dismissed, and it seems likely that one of this nature would be as well, because the person is willingly engaging in an activity with the expectation of being scared. It is generally difficult to hold someone liable for providing exactly what you requested from them.
This would actually have a bit more validity, as it is well-documented what decibel levels cause hearing damage, and it is understood that humans will be in attendance, so if one can legitimately document that the volume surpassed safe levels, everyone involved in making the environment unsafe could legitimately be liable. Though, it would be tough to prove that a single incident caused an individual's hearing loss, as it would be likely that said individual would also have other contributing factors (other concerts, earbud usage, swimming, frequent air-pressure changes, illness, etc.) to which one could point as defense against the claim.
Again, you can always sue, and especially if you receive a post-incident diagnosis of a stress-induced cardiomyopathy, then there would absolutely be a legitimate case. This third example is even more relevant to the premise
@e_blazer mentions, because it involves the intentional commission of an illegal act (like driving drunk, or storming the capitol).
Also, while discussing the validity of this premise, it's good to remember the concept of
"felony murder": if one commits a violent felony, and someone dies--whether directly or indirectly--as a result of that felony, then the felon is also guilty of murder. For example: the offender intends to commit the felony of robbing a bank. A third-party bystander, a bank worker, tries to stop the robbery. They pull out a gun aiming to shoot the offending bank robber but instead hit and kill a customer at the bank. The offending bank robber can be charged with felony murder even though he did not shoot anyone. (example pulled from the link above)
This is a long-standing legal precedent.