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Polio is not eliminated in Africa. 80% of new cases there are now are thought to be vaccine-derived with a direct link to the oral polio vaccine. Over 490k people in India are thought to have developed paralysis as a direct result of the same oral vaccine. The Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health conducted studies outlining all of this. There’s a reason Bill Gates galavants around the third world, and it isn’t because he loves the people there. It’s because there’s no oversight and these products need to be tested on humans before being unrolled in the first world where there could be legal implications for their failure.
The oral polio vaccine was tested on humans.
The inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) was available first, given as a shot, in 1955. A more convenient form, called oral polio vaccine (OPV), was given as liquid drops via the mouth. It was developed in 1961. OPV was recommended for use in the United States for almost 40 years, from 1963 until 2000. The results have been miraculous: Polio was eliminated from the United States in 1979 and from the Western Hemisphere in 1991.
https://www.chop.edu/centers-progra...olio vaccine (IPV,years, from 1963 until 2000.